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Oct 12, 2014· The profit of any oil company depends on the costs it needs to produce 1 barrel of oil, technically spoken 1 barrel of oil equivalent (boe).Oil sands are a major type of unconventional oil .
In the Canadian oil sands, bitumen produced by surface mining is generally upgraded onsite and delivered as synthetic crude oil. This makes delivery of oil to market through conventional oil pipelines quite easy. On the other hand, bitumen produced by the insitu projects is generally not upgraded but delivered to market in raw form.
Fullscale mining of the ore deposits began after World War II, by a conglomerate of Venezuelan firms and US steel companies. At the start in the early 1950s, about 10,000 tons of orebearing soil was mined per day. Tar sands. The Orinoco River deposits also contain extensive tar sands in the Orinoco oil belt.
surface mining (2) largescale surface mining and (3) insitu extraction (see Figure 2). The depth of bitumen below the surface determines which extraction type is possible. Both insitu and largescale surface mining operations are most Nigeria''s bitumen, also known as oil sands, has not yet
''Portions of these sediments were permeated by petroleum that seeped upward from deeper, more ancient Tertiary oil sands through strata fractured by movement within the earth''s crust.'' ''Right now, only a tiny fraction of the crude in either the Athabasca oil sands or the Orinoco Belt can be recovered.''
Once the oil sands is hauled out of the mine, the ore is first processed in an Ore Preparation Plant (OPP), where clumps of oil sands are broken down and mixed with hot/warm water to produce a pumpable slurry. OPP facilities have evolved considerably in recent years and provide a critical first step in the extraction of bitumen.
An Estimate of Recoverable Heavy Oil Resources of the Orinoco Oil Belt, Venezuela Printed on recycled paper The Geological Survey estimated a mean volume of 513 billion barrels of technically recoverable heavy oil in the Orinoco Oil Belt Assessment Unit of the East Venezuela Basin Province; the range is 380 to 652 billion barrels.
Heavy oil and natural bitumen are present worldwide (table 1). Each category is dominated by a single extraordinary accumulation. The largest extraheavy oil accumulation is the Venezuelan Orinoco heavyoil belt, which contains 90 percent of the world''s extraheavy oil when measured on an inplace basis.
Jan 24, 2014· Although very heavy, at 816 API, Orinoco oil flows much more easily than Alberta''s bituminous crude. That means it can be produced using cheaper in situ horizontal and vertical drilling and thermal recovery techniques, rather than the more expensive and ecologically destructive surface mining deployed in much of Alberta''s oil sands.
One of the largest petroleum reserves in the world is a heavy oil field in the Orinoco Belt in eastern Venezuela. Although sometimes called a tar sand reserve, this enormous heavy oil deposit is nonbituminous. The Geological Survey has estimated that the recoverable heavy oil in this reserve, concentrated in a strip some 700 km (435 miles) long by 60 km (37 miles) wide along the Orinoco ...
A large portion of the world''s total oil exists as unconventional sources, such as bitumen in Athabasca oil sands and extra heavy oil in the Orinoco Belt. While significant volumes of oil are extracted from oil sands, particularly in Canada, logistical and technical hurdles remain, as oil extraction requires large amounts of heat and water ...
Dec 31, 2013· Surface mining strips vegetation and topsoil from the surface, and leaves cavernous mine pits. Oil sands mining creates mountains of tailings sands high in sodium, chlorides, and sulfates, which may leak to the environs. Oil sands production is invariably waterconsumptive and may reduce the level of local water tables, lakes, and rivers.
extrahea vy oils oil sands The challenges of developmen T ... Orinoco Belt) and Canada (Province of Alberta). Combined, these two regions represent nearly ... The Joslyn North Mine in Canada will be the Group''s first oil sands mining project as operator and
Unconventional Oil Gas Production HIGHLIGHTS ... The Orinoco belt in Venezuela has a production capacity at 570 kb/d of extra heavy oil. Canada is the only country with commercial extraction of oil sand. ... Oil is extracted by surface mining or by indepth insitu mining (without physical extraction). In indepth mining, the extra heavy oil ...
That''s why a hundred leading scientists have called for an end to the expansion of tar sands mining. "If Canada wants to participate constructively in the global effort to stop climate change, we should first stop expanding the oil sands," said Thomas HomerDixon, of the University of Waterloo. ... Alberta''s oil sands, the Orinoco Belt ...
Dec 16, 2011· Extra heavy oil, which is what some of the oil in the Orinoco Belt is, has a viscosity of 10,000 cps, about the same viscosity as corn syrup. Due to the high viscosity of the oil, the recovery rate of the heavy oil is low. Low recovery rate is one of the disadvantages of heavy and extra heavy oil mining.
Aug 11, 2016· How did heavy oil from Venezuela''s Orinoco Belt tar sands (plus socialism) sink Venezuela''s economy? ... Venezuela Is Drowning In Its Own Oil . ... Venezuela knew it had heavy oil in the Orinoco ...
The Orinoco Belt in Venezuela is sometimes described as oil sands, but these deposits are nonbituminous, falling instead into the category of heavy or extraheavy oil due to their lower viscosity. Natural bitumen and extraheavy oil differ in the degree by which they have been degraded from the original conventional oils by bacteria .
Dec 16, 2011· Extra heavy oil, which is what some of the oil in the Orinoco Belt is, has a viscosity of 10,000 cps, about the same viscosity as corn syrup. Due to the high viscosity of the oil, the recovery rate of the heavy oil is low. Low recovery rate is one of the disadvantages of heavy and extra heavy oil mining.
Global oil consumption is currently 35 billion barrels a year. Thus, the Orinoco Belt alone could satisfy of global demand for almost 30 years! As for the Orinoco field''s dollar value. World oil prices are currently hovering near 60 . do the math." And these oil reserves belong to the People of Venezuela. ** Heavy Oil and Tar Sands
Faja del Orinoco deposits in Venezuela (Figure 1) with ... CANADIAN INSTITUTE OF MINING, METALLURGY PETROLEUM SESSIONS INDEX CIPC MAIN PAGE. 2 the Heavy Oil Belt and Oil Sands deposits in Alberta and Saskatchewan (Figure 2). The term "unconsolidated" is used to describe the high ... extraction for nearsurface deposits, and CHOPS2 for oil
extrahea vy oils oil sands The challenges of developmen T ... Orinoco Belt) and Canada (Province of Alberta). Combined, these two regions represent nearly ... The Joslyn North Mine in Canada will be the Group''s first oil sands mining project as operator and
The Orinoco Belt "Oilinplace" is estimated to be up to trillion barrels, of which 70% might be extracted using the most advanced technologies. ... Heavy Oil and Tar Sands ... drawing oil to the surface. In 2017 Alberta''s oilsands yielded million barrels a day, mostly via SAGD. Three additional innovations are coming to the fore.
Geologist David Hughes calculated that the tar sands retrieved by surface mining has an EROI of about 5:1, and as low as :1 for tar sands retrieved from deeper beneath the earth. Hughes''s figures include the energy it takes to mine bitumen as well as to upgrade it to synthetic oil that can be put into a refinery.
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